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A quick query - on representing the other, widely defined. Actually, not so quick, as it keeps bashing into binaries of power which are not-so-binary when it comes to practise; the ideology is either/or, the practice is sometimes both/and.
We must all be familiar with criticism which is aware of absences, usually with a small-p political agenda - where are all the women in The Dark Knight, where are all the Africa Americas in Friends or Afro-Caribbeans in Notting Hill? I've just read a swathe of 1970s sf in search of homosexuality - and largely found bisexuals and forms of transgendered people, but next to no gays.
It is as every character in fiction is white, male, heterosexual, and of course the market is structured that white, male heterosexuals have easier access to it. (I'm stating this as a fact - the white, male heterosexual plot to take over the world...)
Equally we can all cite those embarrassing examples when authors have got it wrong - the African American with that sense of rhythm, the woman who keeps looking at her breasts, the gay who likes show tunes and dreams of Dorothy.
Given how many men there are in the media, I suspect it is easier for women to create convincing men then vice versa. My hunch from the suspicion is that holds for ethnicity, sexuality, handedness, age, and so forth. This thought is prompted in part by the passionate discussion and argument elsewhere in the virtual realm - but it's nothing I haven't pondered about before.
I'll boil the question down to the concrete, because I don't want to be tangled up in dominant/normal/majority/privilege as terms, although I'm sure you'd know what I mean.
Should men try to depict women - however badly - rather than ignore them?
Should white people try to depict People of Colour, rather than an all-white society?
Should heterosexuals try to depict other sexualities, or assume heteronormativity?
Your bonus: how legitimate is it to use one class of representing the "other" as a metaphor or allegory for another?
ETA: I've just marked an essay citing bell hooks and Stuart Hall on white privilege. Heigho. I've also modified the first question to parallel the syntax more.
I suspect behind the bonus question is both a) the use of aliens as metaphor for otherness and b) the identificatory reading strategies one might have to use having not found a proxy for yourself in the text (which might lead one to say, "I'm not x but I am y, so I understand your pain.")
We must all be familiar with criticism which is aware of absences, usually with a small-p political agenda - where are all the women in The Dark Knight, where are all the Africa Americas in Friends or Afro-Caribbeans in Notting Hill? I've just read a swathe of 1970s sf in search of homosexuality - and largely found bisexuals and forms of transgendered people, but next to no gays.
It is as every character in fiction is white, male, heterosexual, and of course the market is structured that white, male heterosexuals have easier access to it. (I'm stating this as a fact - the white, male heterosexual plot to take over the world...)
Equally we can all cite those embarrassing examples when authors have got it wrong - the African American with that sense of rhythm, the woman who keeps looking at her breasts, the gay who likes show tunes and dreams of Dorothy.
Given how many men there are in the media, I suspect it is easier for women to create convincing men then vice versa. My hunch from the suspicion is that holds for ethnicity, sexuality, handedness, age, and so forth. This thought is prompted in part by the passionate discussion and argument elsewhere in the virtual realm - but it's nothing I haven't pondered about before.
I'll boil the question down to the concrete, because I don't want to be tangled up in dominant/normal/majority/privilege as terms, although I'm sure you'd know what I mean.
Should men try to depict women - however badly - rather than ignore them?
Should white people try to depict People of Colour, rather than an all-white society?
Should heterosexuals try to depict other sexualities, or assume heteronormativity?
Your bonus: how legitimate is it to use one class of representing the "other" as a metaphor or allegory for another?
ETA: I've just marked an essay citing bell hooks and Stuart Hall on white privilege. Heigho. I've also modified the first question to parallel the syntax more.
I suspect behind the bonus question is both a) the use of aliens as metaphor for otherness and b) the identificatory reading strategies one might have to use having not found a proxy for yourself in the text (which might lead one to say, "I'm not x but I am y, so I understand your pain.")
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I'm not quite sure what you mean by apartheid in this context.
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I've *never* seen one with a multi-racial couple.
In the less machined romance genre, there are occasional references, but in that written for black women, white women tend to appear as the enemy, competing for black men.
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Covers might be misleading, of course. I suspect (I'm trying to remember back to the three M&B I read - I have this vague memory of something; Arab? Gulf? One of them was very postmodern and had the writer annoyed with her characters for not behaving well enough) that there is the foreign man, which acts metaphorically. I'd be surprised in the Black Lace series maintained racial distinctions throughout, but I certainly can't cite a counter example.
The male gay equivalent to Black Lace does go interracial - at the risk of racism or at least racial stereotyping.
The representation of male desire frequently includes that element of difference - is the female version overshadowed by Othello?